Principles and dynamics of the Critical Zone
Atmosphere Earth sciences Engineering geology Geomorphology Soil microbiology Soils Biospha˜re Geomorphologie sähkökirjat
Elsevier
2015
EISBN 9780444634122
Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication; Contents; List of Contributors; Foreword; Chapter 1.
Introduction to the Critical Zone; 1.1.
Introduction; 1.2.
Brief history and background of the Critical Zone observation network and Critical Zone Observatories; 1.3.
Development of the global Critical Zone network; 1.4.
Water, the true thread of the Critical Zone; 1.5.
The fashion of Critical Zone research; References; Chapter 2.
The Role of Critical Zone Observatories in Critical Zone Science; 2.1.
The critical zone; 2.2.
Critical zone observatories (CZOs)
2.2.1.
The First Observatories (2007)2.2.1.1.
Boulder Creek (BcCZO); 2.2.1.2.
Southern Sierra; 2.2.1.3.
Shale Hills; 2.2.2.
Expansion to Six Observatories (2009); 2.2.2.1.
Christina River Basin Critical Zone Observatory (CRB-CZO); 2.2.2.2.
Luquillo CZO (LCZO); 2.2.2.3.
Santa Catalina Mountains.
Jemez River Basin CZO; 2.2.3.
Creating a CZO Network and a National Office (2014); 2.2.3.1.
Calhoun CZO; 2.2.3.2.
Eel River; 2.2.3.2.1.
Rivendell; 2.2.3.2.2.
Angelo Coast Range Reserve; 2.2.3.2.3.
Eel River Watershed
2.2.3.2.4.
California North Coast region, focusing on Eel and Russian Rivers2.2.3.3.
Intensively Managed Landscapes CZO; 2.2.3.4.
Reynolds Creek; 2.2.3.5.
CZO National Office; 2.3.
Common science questions; 2.4.
Common measurements conceptual framework and goals; 2.5.
International CZ program of research and education; 2.6.
Conclusion; References; Chapter 3.
Climate of the Critical Zone; 3.1.
Introduction; 3.1.1.
How Does Climate Influence the Critical Zone?; 3.1.2.
How Does the Critical Zone Influence Climate?; 3.1.3.
Focus of This Chapter; 3.2.
Soil moisture
3.3.
Anthropogenic influence3.4.
Soil moisture-evapotranspiration coupling; 3.4.1.
Temporal Variations in Soil Moisture-Evapotranspiration Coupling; 3.4.2.
Spatial Variations in Soil Moisture-Evapotranspiration Coupling; 3.5.
Soil moisture-temperature coupling; 3.5.1.
Regions of Strong Soil Moisture-Temperature Coupling; 3.5.2.
Soil Moisture and Extreme Heat; 3.6.
Soil moisture-precipitation coupling; 3.6.1.
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Soil Moisture-Precipitation Coupling; 3.6.2.
Positive and Negative Feedback; 3.6.3.
Confounding Factors
3.6.4.
Summary of Soil Moisture-Precipitation Relationships3.7.
Conclusions; References; Chapter 4.
Regolith and Weathering (Rock Decay) in the Critical Zone; 4.1.
Introduction; 4.2.
Weathering relevance to other Critical Zone processes; 4.2.1.
Pedogenesis; 4.2.2.
Water Quality; 4.2.3.
Supporting Life, Conditioning Ecosystems; 4.2.4.
Regulating the Environment and Climate; 4.2.5.
Providing Natural Mineral Resources; 4.3.
Types of weathering (rock decay); 4.3.1.
Normal Stress; 4.3.2.
Thermal Shock and Fatigue; 4.3.3.
Solution and Dissolution
4.3.4.
Rock and Mineral Decay by Organic Molecules
Principles and Dynamics of the Critical Zone is an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate courses and an essential tool for researchers developing cutting-edge proposals. It provides a process-based description of the Critical Zone, a place that The National Research Council (2001) defines as the ""heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources."" This text provides a summary of Critical Zone research and outcomes.
Introduction to the Critical Zone; 1.1.
Introduction; 1.2.
Brief history and background of the Critical Zone observation network and Critical Zone Observatories; 1.3.
Development of the global Critical Zone network; 1.4.
Water, the true thread of the Critical Zone; 1.5.
The fashion of Critical Zone research; References; Chapter 2.
The Role of Critical Zone Observatories in Critical Zone Science; 2.1.
The critical zone; 2.2.
Critical zone observatories (CZOs)
2.2.1.
The First Observatories (2007)2.2.1.1.
Boulder Creek (BcCZO); 2.2.1.2.
Southern Sierra; 2.2.1.3.
Shale Hills; 2.2.2.
Expansion to Six Observatories (2009); 2.2.2.1.
Christina River Basin Critical Zone Observatory (CRB-CZO); 2.2.2.2.
Luquillo CZO (LCZO); 2.2.2.3.
Santa Catalina Mountains.
Jemez River Basin CZO; 2.2.3.
Creating a CZO Network and a National Office (2014); 2.2.3.1.
Calhoun CZO; 2.2.3.2.
Eel River; 2.2.3.2.1.
Rivendell; 2.2.3.2.2.
Angelo Coast Range Reserve; 2.2.3.2.3.
Eel River Watershed
2.2.3.2.4.
California North Coast region, focusing on Eel and Russian Rivers2.2.3.3.
Intensively Managed Landscapes CZO; 2.2.3.4.
Reynolds Creek; 2.2.3.5.
CZO National Office; 2.3.
Common science questions; 2.4.
Common measurements conceptual framework and goals; 2.5.
International CZ program of research and education; 2.6.
Conclusion; References; Chapter 3.
Climate of the Critical Zone; 3.1.
Introduction; 3.1.1.
How Does Climate Influence the Critical Zone?; 3.1.2.
How Does the Critical Zone Influence Climate?; 3.1.3.
Focus of This Chapter; 3.2.
Soil moisture
3.3.
Anthropogenic influence3.4.
Soil moisture-evapotranspiration coupling; 3.4.1.
Temporal Variations in Soil Moisture-Evapotranspiration Coupling; 3.4.2.
Spatial Variations in Soil Moisture-Evapotranspiration Coupling; 3.5.
Soil moisture-temperature coupling; 3.5.1.
Regions of Strong Soil Moisture-Temperature Coupling; 3.5.2.
Soil Moisture and Extreme Heat; 3.6.
Soil moisture-precipitation coupling; 3.6.1.
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Soil Moisture-Precipitation Coupling; 3.6.2.
Positive and Negative Feedback; 3.6.3.
Confounding Factors
3.6.4.
Summary of Soil Moisture-Precipitation Relationships3.7.
Conclusions; References; Chapter 4.
Regolith and Weathering (Rock Decay) in the Critical Zone; 4.1.
Introduction; 4.2.
Weathering relevance to other Critical Zone processes; 4.2.1.
Pedogenesis; 4.2.2.
Water Quality; 4.2.3.
Supporting Life, Conditioning Ecosystems; 4.2.4.
Regulating the Environment and Climate; 4.2.5.
Providing Natural Mineral Resources; 4.3.
Types of weathering (rock decay); 4.3.1.
Normal Stress; 4.3.2.
Thermal Shock and Fatigue; 4.3.3.
Solution and Dissolution
4.3.4.
Rock and Mineral Decay by Organic Molecules
Principles and Dynamics of the Critical Zone is an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate courses and an essential tool for researchers developing cutting-edge proposals. It provides a process-based description of the Critical Zone, a place that The National Research Council (2001) defines as the ""heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources."" This text provides a summary of Critical Zone research and outcomes.
