Brenner and Stevens' pharmacology

Front Cover.
IFC.
PHARMACOLOGY Brenner and Stevens'.
Brenner and stevens' PHARMACOLOGY.
Copyright.
Preface.
Contents.
I - PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY.
1 - INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG NAMES.
History and Definition of Pharmacology.
Pharmacology and Its Subdivisions.
Toxicology.
Pharmacotherapeutics.
Pharmacy and Related Sciences.
DRUG SOURCES AND PREPARATIONS.
Natural Sources of Drugs.
Synthetic Drugs.
Drug Preparations.
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION.
Enteral Administration.
Parenteral Administration.
Transdermal Administration.
Inhalational Administration.
Topical Administration.
DRUG NAMES.
2 - PHARMACOKINETICS OR WHAT THE BODY DOES TO THE DRUG.
DRUG ABSORPTION.
Processes of Absorption.
Effect of pH on Absorption of Weak Acids and Bases.
DRUG DISTRIBUTION.
Factors Affecting Distribution.
DRUG METABOLISM.
Role of Drug Biotransformation.
Formation of Active Metabolites.
First-Pass Biotransformation.
Phases of Drug Biotransformation.
Pharmacogenomics.
DRUG EXCRETION.
Renal Drug Excretion.
Glomerular Filtration.
Active Tubular Secretion.
Passive Tubular Reabsorption.
Biliary Excretion and Enterohepatic Cycling.
Other Routes of Excretion.
QUANTITATIVE PHARMACOKINETICS.
Drug Plasma Concentration Curves.
Bioavailability.
Volume of Distribution.
Drug Clearance.
SINGLE-DOSE PHARMACOKINETICS.
First-Order Kinetics.
Elimination Half-Life.
Zero-Order Kinetics.
Drug Accumulation and the Steady-State Principle.
Time Required to Reach the Steady-State Condition.
Steady-State Drug Concentration.
Dosage Calculations.
3 - PHARMACODYNAMICS OR WHAT THE DRUG DOES TO THE BODY.
NATURE OF DRUG RECEPTORS.
Types of Drug Receptors.
Receptor Classification.
DRUG-RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS.
Receptor Binding and Affinity.
Signal Transduction.
Drug Efficacy.
Receptor Regulation and Drug Tolerance.
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS.
Graded Dose-Response Relationships.
Quantal Dose-Response Relationship.
4 - DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND DRUG SAFETY.
DRUG DEVELOPMENT.
Discovery and Characterization.
Preclinical Studies.
THE INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG APPLICATION.
Clinical Trials.
The New Drug Application and Its Approval.
Postmarketing Surveillance.
FEDERAL DRUG LAWS AND REGULATIONS.
Drug Safety and Efficacy Laws.
Drug Abuse Prevention Laws.
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DRUGS.
Excessive Pharmacologic Effects.
Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions.
Adverse Effects on Organs.
Hematopoietic Toxicity.
Hepatotoxicity.
Nephrotoxicity.
Other Organ Toxicities.
Idiosyncratic Reactions.
DRUG INTERACTIONS.
Pharmaceutical Interactions.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions.
Pharmacokinetic Interactions.
Clinical Significance of Drug Interactions.
Age.
Disease.
Pregnancy and Lactation.
5 - TOXICOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND THE TREATMENT OF POISONING.
TREATMENT OF POISONING.
Pesticides.
Insecticides.
Metals and Chelators.
Environmental and Occupational Poisons.
II - AUTONOMIC AND NEUROMUSCULAR PHARMACOLOGY.
6 - PARASYMPATHETIC, NEUROMUSCULAR PHARMACOLOGY, AND CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Autonomic Nervous System.
Enteric Nervous System.
Somatic Nervous System.
NEUROTRANSMISSION AND SITES OF DRUG ACTION.
Neurotransmitters.
Cholinergic Neurotransmission.
Drugs Affecting Cholinergic Neurotransmission.
ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS.
Muscarinic Receptors.
Nicotinic Receptors.
ACETYLCHOLINE AGONISTS.
Direct-Acting Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists.
Plant Alkaloids.
Other Drugs.
Indirect-Acting Acetylcholine Agonists.
Type 5 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors.
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulators.
7 - CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS.
MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS.
Belladonna Alkaloids.
Semisynthetic and Synthetic Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists.
NICOTINIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS.
Ganglionic Blocking Agents.
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents.
8 - SYMPATHETIC NEUROPHARMACOLOGY AND ADRENERGIC AGONISTS.
OVERVIEW.
Sympathetic Neurotransmission.
Drugs Modulating the Baroreceptor Reflex.
ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS.
Adrenoceptors.
Dopamine Receptors.
Imidazoline Receptors.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.
CLASSIFICATION OF ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS.
Direct-Acting Adrenoceptor Agonists.
Noncatecholamines.
Indirect-Acting Adrenoceptor Agonists.
Mixed-Acting Adrenoceptor Agonists.
9 - ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS.
Α-ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISTS.
Nonselective α-Blockers.
Selective α1-Antagonists.
Î’-ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISTS.
Classification.
General Properties.
Specific Drug Properties.
Α- AND Β-ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISTS.
III - CARDIOVASCULAR, RENAL, AND HEMATOLOGIC PHARMACOLOGY.
10 - ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS.
OVERVIEW.
Hypertension.
Classification of Blood Pressure.
Regulation of Blood Pressure.
Sites and Effects of Antihypertensive Drug Action.
DIURETICS.
Thiazide and Related Diuretics.
Loop Diuretics.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics.
SYMPATHOLYTIC DRUGS.
Adrenoceptor Antagonists.
Centrally Acting Drugs.
ANGIOTENSIN INHIBITORS.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers.
Direct Renin Inhibitor.
VASODILATORS.
Calcium Channel Blockers.
Other Vasodilators.
THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION.
Lifestyle Modifications.
Selection of Drug Therapy.
Patients with Specific Traits or Diseases.
Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies.
11 - ANTIANGINAL DRUGS.
Coronary Heart Disease.
Mechanisms and Effects of Antianginal Drugs.
VASODILATORS.
Organic Nitrites and Nitrates.
Calcium Channel Blockers.
BETA-ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISTS.
OTHER ANTIANGINAL AGENTS.
Ivabradine.
MANAGEMENT OF ANGINA PECTORIS.
12 - DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE.
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure.
Mechanisms and Effects of Drugs for Heart Failure.
POSITIVELY INOTROPIC DRUGS.
Digoxin.
Dobutamine.
Milrinone.
VASODILATORS.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers.
Natriuretic Peptide.
Neprilysin inhibitor.
Hydralazine and Nitrates.
BETA-ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISTS.
ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS.
DIURETICS.
MANAGEMENT OF HEART FAILURE.
13 - DIURETIC DRUGS.
NEPHRON FUNCTION AND SITES OF DRUG ACTION.
Glomerular Filtration.
Proximal Tubule.
Loop of Henle.
Distal Tubule.
Collecting Duct.
DIURETIC AGENTS.
Thiazide and Related Diuretics.
Loop Diuretics.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics.
Osmotic Diuretics.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors.
Antidiuretic Hormone Antagonists.
MANAGEMENT OF EDEMA.
14 - DRUGS FOR CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIA.
Cardiac Action Potentials and Electrocardiographic Findings.
Pathophysiology of Dysrhythmias.
Abnormal Impulse Formation.
Mechanisms and Classification of Antidysrhythmic Drugs.
SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS.
Class IA Drugs.
Class IB Drugs.
Class IC Drugs.
Class II Drugs.
Class III Drugs.
Class IV Drugs.
Miscellaneous Drugs.
MANAGEMENT OF DYSRHYTHMIAS.
Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter.
Supraventricular Tachycardia.
Ventricular Tachycardia and Fibrillation.
Torsades de Pointes.
15 - DRUGS FOR HYPERLIPIDEMIA.
Lipoproteins and Lipid Transport.
Causes and Types of Hyperlipoproteinemia.
Guidelines for Management of Hypercholesterolemia.
Lifestyle Changes.
DRUGS FOR HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA.
Statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors).
Bile Acid-Binding Resins.
Ezetimibe.
Niacin (Nicotinic Acid).
Fibric Acid Derivatives.
Leptin Deficiency.
Drug Combinations.
16 - Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Drugs.
Normal Hemostasis.
Pathologic Thrombus Formation.
Anticoagulant Drugs.
Warfarin.
Heparin and Related Drugs.
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors.
Active Factor X Inhibitors.
Specific Agents.
Antiplatelet Drugs.
Aspirin.
Dipyridamole.
Cilostazol.
Adenosine Diphosphate Inhibitors.
Glycoprotein-2b/3a Antagonists.
Thrombolytic Drugs.
17 - HEMATOPOIETIC DRUGS.
HEMATOPOIETIC DRUGS.
Minerals.
Vitamins.
Hematopoietic Growth Factors.
DRUGS FOR SICKLE CELL DISEASE.
IV - CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PHARMACOLOGYIntroduction.
18 - INTRODUCTION TO CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PHARMACOLOGY.
Principles of Neurotransmission.
Neurotransmitters and Receptors.
MECHANISMS OF DRUG ACTION.
Neurotransmitter Synthesis, Storage, and Release.
Neurotransmitter Reuptake and Degradation.
Receptor Activation or Blockade.
Receptor Alterations Caused by Central Nervous System Drug Treatment.
Cognitive Processing.
Memory.
Emotional Processing.
Sensory Processing.
Motor Processing.
Autonomic Processing.
19 - SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC AND ANXIOLYTIC DRUGS.
ANXIETY DISORDERS.
Neurologic Basis of Anxiety.
Classification and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders.
SLEEP DISORDERS.
Neurologic Basis of Sleep.
Classification and Treatment of Sleep Disorders.
SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC DRUGS.
Benzodiazepines.
Barbiturates.
Antihistamines.
Anti-Insomnia Agents.
Nonsedating Anxiolytic Drugs.
20 - ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS.
Classification of Seizures.
Neurobiology of Seizures.
Mechanisms of Antiepileptic Drugs.
TREATMENT OF SEIZURE DISORDERS.
Drugs for Partial and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures.
Adjunct Drugs for Partial Seizures.
Drugs for Generalized Absence, Myoclonic, or Atonic Seizures.
Drugs for Status Epilepticus.