Basque and Proto-Basque : Language-Internal and Typological Approaches to Linguistic Reconstruction
Basque language Typology (Linguistics) FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY sähkökirjat
Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften
2013
EISBN 9783653027013
Cover; Hitzaurrea; Foreword; Table of Contents; Notes on the Contributors; Abbreviations; Authors, texts and other written sources; Basque Dialects (according to Bonaparte's 4th classification; Linguistic terms; Frequently cited works; Frequently employed journals; Introduction; 1. The Basque Language today. Achievements and challenges; 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. Sociolinguistic data of the Basque Country (Euskal Herria); 1.3. Factors affecting the increase in the knowledge of Basque; 1.4. Positive attitudes toward Basque; 1.5. The situation today: fresh challenges in the light of achievements.
1.5.1 Language use and language transmission1.5.2. Fostering affective links with Basque; 1.5.3. Welcoming immigrants to Basque; 1.5.4. The presence and development of Basque in the new technologies; 1.6. Conclusion; 2. Basque Dialects; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. The Basque Dialects today and in the historical past; 2.2.1. How different are Basque dialects?; 2.2.2. What are the Basque dialects?; 2.2.2.1. Biscayan; 2.2.2.2. Guipuscoan; 2.2.2.3. Alavese; 2.2.2.4. Northern High Navarrese; 2.2.2.5. Southern High Navarrese; 2.2.2.6. Labourdin; 2.2.2.7. Western Low Navarrese.
2.2.2.8. Eastern Low Navarrese2.2.2.9. Souletin; 2.2.2.10. Some other features: A-B-B-B-A and A-A-A/B-B-B alignments; 2.2.3. How many Basque dialects are there?; 2.3. The origin of Basque dialects; 2.3.1. The secular view: tribes of Antiquity, Church dioceses, historical dialects; 2.3.2. Lacombe (1952 [1924], Uhlenbeck (1947 [1942]). Biscayan vs. the other dialects; 2.3.3. Michelena's (1987 [1981a]) éuscarp or Common Basque; 2.3.4. Zuazo's (2010a) innovating foci; 2.3.5. Camino (2011), Lakarra (2011f); 2.4. Common Basque on the map; 2.5. Conclusion.
3. External History. Sources for historical research3.1. Introduction; 3.2. The Roman period. Aquitanian or archaic Basque and linguistic contact; 3.2.1. Epigraphic evidence; 3.2.2. Latin loan words; 3.3. Medieval Basque. Centuries of lights and shadows; 3.4. The Modern Era. Texts in Basque; 3.4.1. 15th century.
1600. Archaic Basque; 3.4.2. 1600-1745. Old Classical Basque; 3.4.3. 1745-1887. Early Modern Basque; 3.4.4. 1887-1968. Late Modern Basque; 3.4.5. 1968-Today. The unified Basque language (euskara batua); 3.5. Basque dialectology; 3.6. Toponymy; 3.7. Conclusion.
4. Phonetics and Phonology4.1. Introduction; 4.2. The Basque phonemic inventory: now, then, and before then; 4.2.1. Modern Basque dialects; 4.2.2. Michelenian stages; 4.2.3. Lakkarran Old Proto-Basque; 4.3. Vowels; 4.3.1. Main vowels; 4.3.2. Nasalized Vowels; 4.3.3. Distribution of the Souletin /y/; 4.3.4. Vocalic processes; 4.3.4.1. Alternations between /i/ and /u/, /e/ and /o/; 4.3.4.2. Different vowel risings; 4.3.4.3. Vowel lowerings; 4.3.4.4. Vowel addition; 4.3.4.5. Vowel deletion; 4.3.4.6. Vocalic reciprocal metathesis; 4.3.5. Diphtongs; 4.3.5.1. Falling diphtongs.
This volume is an attempt to expound the current state of research into the past of the Basque language. This research has experienced two kinds of advance in recent years. First, more written records have been discovered, and the ones that we already knew have been more deeply studied.
1.5.1 Language use and language transmission1.5.2. Fostering affective links with Basque; 1.5.3. Welcoming immigrants to Basque; 1.5.4. The presence and development of Basque in the new technologies; 1.6. Conclusion; 2. Basque Dialects; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. The Basque Dialects today and in the historical past; 2.2.1. How different are Basque dialects?; 2.2.2. What are the Basque dialects?; 2.2.2.1. Biscayan; 2.2.2.2. Guipuscoan; 2.2.2.3. Alavese; 2.2.2.4. Northern High Navarrese; 2.2.2.5. Southern High Navarrese; 2.2.2.6. Labourdin; 2.2.2.7. Western Low Navarrese.
2.2.2.8. Eastern Low Navarrese2.2.2.9. Souletin; 2.2.2.10. Some other features: A-B-B-B-A and A-A-A/B-B-B alignments; 2.2.3. How many Basque dialects are there?; 2.3. The origin of Basque dialects; 2.3.1. The secular view: tribes of Antiquity, Church dioceses, historical dialects; 2.3.2. Lacombe (1952 [1924], Uhlenbeck (1947 [1942]). Biscayan vs. the other dialects; 2.3.3. Michelena's (1987 [1981a]) éuscarp or Common Basque; 2.3.4. Zuazo's (2010a) innovating foci; 2.3.5. Camino (2011), Lakarra (2011f); 2.4. Common Basque on the map; 2.5. Conclusion.
3. External History. Sources for historical research3.1. Introduction; 3.2. The Roman period. Aquitanian or archaic Basque and linguistic contact; 3.2.1. Epigraphic evidence; 3.2.2. Latin loan words; 3.3. Medieval Basque. Centuries of lights and shadows; 3.4. The Modern Era. Texts in Basque; 3.4.1. 15th century.
1600. Archaic Basque; 3.4.2. 1600-1745. Old Classical Basque; 3.4.3. 1745-1887. Early Modern Basque; 3.4.4. 1887-1968. Late Modern Basque; 3.4.5. 1968-Today. The unified Basque language (euskara batua); 3.5. Basque dialectology; 3.6. Toponymy; 3.7. Conclusion.
4. Phonetics and Phonology4.1. Introduction; 4.2. The Basque phonemic inventory: now, then, and before then; 4.2.1. Modern Basque dialects; 4.2.2. Michelenian stages; 4.2.3. Lakkarran Old Proto-Basque; 4.3. Vowels; 4.3.1. Main vowels; 4.3.2. Nasalized Vowels; 4.3.3. Distribution of the Souletin /y/; 4.3.4. Vocalic processes; 4.3.4.1. Alternations between /i/ and /u/, /e/ and /o/; 4.3.4.2. Different vowel risings; 4.3.4.3. Vowel lowerings; 4.3.4.4. Vowel addition; 4.3.4.5. Vowel deletion; 4.3.4.6. Vocalic reciprocal metathesis; 4.3.5. Diphtongs; 4.3.5.1. Falling diphtongs.
This volume is an attempt to expound the current state of research into the past of the Basque language. This research has experienced two kinds of advance in recent years. First, more written records have been discovered, and the ones that we already knew have been more deeply studied.
